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Publication

Prevalence of H. pylori Infection in Relatives of Peruvian Patients with Gastric Cancer

(Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care, 2021) Castillo, Miluska; Bernabe, Luis A.; Castaneda, Carlos A.; Suarez, Nancy; Barreda, Fernando; Valdivia, Daniel; Ruiz, Eloy; Nieves, Jais; Dias-Neto, Emmanuel; Landa-Baella, Maria; Montano-Flores, Jennifer; Chavez, Ivan

bjective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in relatives and patients with gastric cancer (GC). Methods: H. pylori infection was evaluated by the breath urease test in 171 relatives and by qPCR technique in gastric tissue of 61 patients (n=45 for GC and n=16 for non-GC). Results: There were included 137 relatives of GC patients and 34 of non-GC. The median age of the relatives of patients with a gastric tissue sample was 39 years (10-86). Infection was found in 60.2% (n=103) relatives. There were no higher H. pylori infection rates in relatives of patients with gastric cancer (62% vs 62.9%, p=0.33), H. pylori infection (60% vs 60%, p=0.96), or metaplasia (58.8% vs 61.8%, p=0.71). Conclusion: The prevalence of infection in relatives of GC patients is high in our population but not associated with H. pylori presence in the paired case

Publication

Natural Occurrence of Mycotoxin-Producing Fusaria in Market-Bought Peruvian Cereals: A Food Safety Threat for Andean Populations

(MDPI, 2021) Ducos, Christine; Pinson-Gadais, Laetitia; Chereau, Sylvain; Richard-Forget, Florence; Vásquez-Ocmín, Pedro; Cerapio, Juan Pablo; Casavilca-Zambrano, Sandro; Ruiz, Eloy; Pineau, Pascal; Bertani, Stéphane; Ponts, Nadia

Consumption of cereals contaminated by mycotoxins poses health risks. For instance, Fumonisins B, mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum, and the type B trichothecene deoxynivalenol, typically produced by Fusarium graminearum, are highly prevalent on cereal grains that are staples of many cultural diets and known to represent a toxic risk hazard. In Peru, corn and other cereals are frequently consumed on a daily basis under various forms, the majority of food grains being sold through traditional markets for direct consumption. Here, we surveyed mycotoxin contents of market-bought grain samples in order to assess the threat these mycotoxins might represent to Peruvian population, with a focus on corn. We found that nearly one sample of Peruvian corn out of six was contaminated with very high levels of Fumonisins, levels mostly ascribed to the presence of F. verticillioides. Extensive profiling of Peruvian corn kernels for fungal contaminants could provide elements to refine the potential risk associated with Fusarium toxins and help define adapted food safety standards.

Publication

Metallomic profile in non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma supports a phenomenon of metal metabolism adaptation in tumor cells

(Nature, 2021) Cano, Luis; Bertani, Stéphane; Island, Marie-Laure; Cerapio, Juan Pablo; Ruiz, Eloy; Pineau, Pascal; Monbet, Valérie; Boudjema, Karim; Taxa, Luis; Casavilca-Zambrano, Sandro; Ropert, Martine; Turlin, Bruno; Loréal, Olivier

We have previously described a form of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-cirrhotic liver (HCC-NC) developed by Peruvian patients. We analyzed the metallomic profile in hepatic tissues from two independent cohorts exhibiting HCC-NC. Clinical, histopathological data, and HCC and non-tumoral liver (NTL) samples of 38 Peruvian and 38 French HCC-NC patients, were studied. Twelve metals were quantified using ICP/MS: Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Cd, Pb, and Sn. Associations between metals and survival were assessed. Our data showed significant differences between cohorts. Mean ages were 40.6 ± 20, 67.5 ± 9 years old for Peruvians and French, respectively. Fifty percent of the Peruvian patients were positive for the HBsAg, versus 3% in French patients. Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Cd, Sn metal concentrations were higher in NTL of Peruvians. Importantly, metal concentrations were lower in HCC areas compared to NTL tissues in both cohorts, except for Cu for which mean concentration was higher in HCC (p < 0.05). Se concentration in HCC was associated with extended survival only in Peruvians. Our data, obtained in Peruvian and French HCC-NC cohorts, highlights similarity in the metallomic profile of HCC compared to NTL during the hepatic tumorigenesis in these specific groups of patients.

Publication

Level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and density of infiltrating immune cells in different malignancies

(Publmed, 2019) Castañeda, Carlos A.; Castillo, Miluska; Aliaga, Karina; Bernabé, Luis A.; Casavilca, Sandro; Sánchez, Joselyn; Torres-Cabala, Carlos A.; Gómez , Henry L.; Mas, Luis; Dunstan, Jorge; Cotrina, José M; Abugattas, Julio; Chávez, Iván; Ruiz, Eloy; Montenegro, Paola; Rojas, Víctor; Orrego, Enrique; Gálvez-Nino, Marco; Félix , Brayam; Landa-Baella, María P.; Vidaurre, Tatiana; Villa, María R; Zevallos, Rocío; Taxa, Luis; Guerra, Henry; Jorge Luis

Aim: To correlate levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) evaluated using the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group methodology, and both density of tumor-infiltrating immune cell and clinicopathological features in different malignancies. Methods: 209 pathological samples from gastric cancer, cervical cancer (CC), non-small-lung cancer, cutaneous melanoma (CM) and glioblastoma were tested for TIL in hematoxylin eosin, and density of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD68+ and CD163+ cells by digital analysis. Results: TIL levels were higher in invasive margin compartments (IMC). TIL in IMC, intratumoral and stromal compartments predicted survival. CC and gastric cancer had higher TIL in intratumoral; CC and CM had higher TIL in stromal compartment and IMC. CM had the highest density of lymphocyte and macrophage populations. CD20 density was associated with survival in the whole series. Conclusion: Standardized evaluation of TIL levels may provide valuable prognostic information in a spectrum of different malignancies.

Publication

Latin American Study of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer LACAM: A Genomic Epidemiology Approach

(Publmed, 2019) Oliver, Javier; Quezada Urban, Rosalía; Franco Corté, Claudia Alejandra; Díaz Velásquez, Clara Estela; Montealegre Paez, Ana Lorena; Pacheco-Orozco, Rafael Adrián; Castro Rojas , Carlos; García-Robles, Reggie; López Rivera, Juan Javier; Gaitán Chaparro , Sandra; Milena Gómez, Ana; Suarez Obando, Fernando; Giraldo, Gustavo; Maya , Maria Isabel; Hurtado-Villa, Paula; Sanchez, Ana Isabel; Serrano , Norma; Orduz Galvis , Ana Isabel; Aruachan, Sandra; Nuñez Castillo, Johanna; Frecha, Cecilia; Riggi, Cecilia; Jauk, Federico; Gómez García, Eva María; Carranza, Claudia Lorena; Zamora, Vanessa; Torres Mejía, Gabriela; Romieu, Isabelle; Castañeda, Carlos Arturo; Castillo, Miluska; Gitler, Rina; Antoniano, Adriana; Rojas Jiménez, Ernesto; Romero Cruz, Luis Enrique; Vallejo Lecuona, Fernando; Delgado Enciso, Iván; Martínez Rizo, Abril Bernardette; Flores Carranza, Alejandro; Benites Godinez, Verónica; Méndez Catalá, Claudia Fabiola; Herrera, Luis Alonso; Irasema Chirino, Yolanda; Terrazas, Luis Ignacio; Perdomo, Sandra; Vaca Paniagua , Felipe

Purpose: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is responsible for ~5-10% of all diagnosed breast and ovarian cancers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Latin America (LA). The main objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the genomic epidemiology of HBOC throughout the establishment of The Latin American consortium for HBOC-LACAM, consisting of specialists from 5 countries in LA and the description of the genomic results from the first phase of the study. Methods: We have recruited 403 individuals that fulfilled the criteria for HBOC from 11 health institutions of Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru. A pilot cohort of 222 individuals was analyzed by NGS gene panels. One hundred forty-three genes were selected on the basis of their putative role in susceptibility to different hereditary cancers. Libraries were sequenced in MiSeq (Illumina, Inc.) and PGM (Ion Torrent-Thermo Fisher Scientific) platforms. Results: The overall prevalence of pathogenic variants was 17% (38/222); the distribution spanned 14 genes and varied by country. The highest relative prevalence of pathogenic variants was found in patients from Argentina (25%, 14/57), followed by Mexico (18%, 12/68), Guatemala (16%, 3/19), and Colombia (13%, 10/78). Pathogenic variants were found in BRCA1 (20%) and BRCA2 (29%) genes. Pathogenic variants were found in other 12 genes, including high and moderate risk genes such as MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, and PALB2. Additional pathogenic variants were found in HBOC unrelated genes such as DCLRE1C, WRN, PDE11A, and PDGFB. Conclusion: In this first phase of the project, we recruited 403 individuals and evaluated the germline genetic alterations in an initial cohort of 222 patients among 4 countries. Our data show for the first time in LA the distribution of pathogenic variants in a broad set of cancer susceptibility genes in HBOC. Even though we used extended gene panels, there was still a high proportion of patients without any detectable pathogenic variant, which emphasizes the larger, unexplored genetic nature of the disease in these populations.