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Browsing Artículos by Subject "Acinetobacter baumannii"

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    Emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii international clones II and III in Lima, Peru
    (Publmed, 2018) Levy-Blitchtein, Saúl; Roca, Ignasi; Plasencia-Rebata, Stefany; Vicente-Taboada, William; Velásquez-Pomar , Jorge; Muñoz, Laura; Moreno-Morales, Javier; Pons, Maria J; Del Valle-Mendoza, Juana; Vila, Jordi
    Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the top-ranked pathogen in the World Health Organization priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It emerged as a global pathogen due to the successful expansion of a few epidemic lineages, or international clones (ICs), producing acquired class D carbapenemases (OXA-type). During the past decade, however, reports regarding IC-I isolates in Latin America are scarce and are non-existent for IC-II and IC-III isolates. This study evaluates the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance and the epidemiology of 80 non-duplicate clinical samples of A. baumannii collected from February 2014 through April 2016 at two tertiary care hospitals in Lima. Almost all isolates were carbapenem-resistant (97.5%), and susceptibility only remained high for colistin (95%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed two main clusters spread between both hospitals: cluster D containing 51 isolates (63.8%) associated with sequence type 2 (ST2) and carrying OXA-72, and cluster F containing 13 isolates (16.3%) associated with ST79 and also carrying OXA-72. ST2 and ST79 were endemic in at least one of the hospitals. ST1 and ST3 OXA-23-producing isolates were also identified. They accounted for sporadic hospital isolates. Interestingly, two isolates carried the novel OXA-253 variant of OXA-143 together with an upstream novel insertion sequence (ISAba47). While the predominant A. baumannii lineages in Latin America are linked to ST79, ST25, ST15, and ST1 producing OXA-23 enzymes, we report the emergence of highly resistant ST2 (IC-II) isolates in Peru producing OXA-72 and the first identification of ST3 isolates (IC-III) in Latin America, both considered a serious threat to public health worldwide.
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    Publication
    Update on the epidemiology of carbapenemases in Latin America and the Caribbean
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) García-Betancur, JC; Appel, TM; Esparza, G; Gales, AC; Levy-Hara, G; Cornistein, W; Vega, S; Nuñez, D; Cuellar, L; Bavestrello, A; Castañeda-Méndez, F; Villalobos-Vindas, JM; Villegas, MV
    Introduction: Carbapenemases are β-lactamases able to hydrolyze a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems. Carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp., with and without the co-expression of other β-lactamases is a serious public health threat. Carbapenemases belong to three main classes according to the Ambler classification: class A, class B, and class D. Areas covered: Carbapenemase-bearing pathogens are endemic in Latin America. In this review, we update the status of carbapenemases in Latin America and the Caribbean.Expert opinion: Understanding the current epidemiology of carbapenemases in Latin America and the Caribbean is of critical importance to improve infection control policies limiting the dissemination of multi-drug-resistant pathogens and in implementing appropriate antimicrobial therapy.