Browsing by Author "Mohar, A"

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Breast cancer early detection: A phased approach to implementation
(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2020) Ginsburg, O; Yip, CH; Brooks, A; Cabanes ACaleffi, M; Dunstan Yataco, JA; Gyawali, B; McCormack, V; McLaughlin de Anderson, M; Mehrotra, R; Mohar, A; Murillo, R; Pace, LE; Paskett, ED; Romanoff, A; Rositch, AF; Scheel, JR; Schneidman, M; Unger-Saldaña, K; Vanderpuye, V; Wu, TY; Yuma, S; Dvaladze, A; Duggan, C; Anderson, BO
When breast cancer is detected and treated early, the chances of survival are very high. However, women in many settings face complex barriers to early detection, including social, economic, geographic, and other interrelated factors, which can limit their access to timely, affordable, and effective breast health care services. Previously, the Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) developed resource-stratified guidelines for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. In this consensus article from the sixth BHGI Global Summit held in October 2018, the authors describe phases of early detection program development, beginning with management strategies required for the diagnosis of clinically detectable disease based on awareness education and technical training, history and physical examination, and accurate tissue diagnosis. The core issues address include finance and governance, which pertain to successful planning, implementation, and the iterative process of program improvement and are needed for a breast cancer early detection program to succeed in any resource setting. Examples are presented of implementation, process, and clinical outcome metrics that assist in program implementation monitoring. Country case examples are presented to highlight the challenges and opportunities of implementing successful breast cancer early detection programs, and the complex interplay of barriers and facilitators to achieving early detection for breast cancer in real-world settings are considered.
Perspectives on Strengthening Cancer Research and Control in Latin America Through Partnerships and Diplomacy: Experience of the National Cancer Institute's Center for Global Health
(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2018) Frech, S; Muha, CA; Stevens, LM; Trimble, EL; Brew, R; Perin, DP; Luciani, S; Mohar, A; Piñeros, M; Vidaurre, T; Morgan, DR; Hawk, ET; Schmeler, KM; Foxhall, LE; Rabadan-Diehl, C; Duran, D; Rendler-Garcia, M; Cazap, EL; Santini, L; Zoss, W; Delgado, LB; Pearlman, PC; Given, L; Hohman, K; Lopez, MS; Kostelecky, B
According to the Pan American Health Organization, noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, are the leading causes of preventable and premature death in the Americas. Governments and health care systems in Latin America face numerous challenges as a result of increasing morbidity and mortality from cancer. Multiple international organizations have recognized the need for collaborative action on and technical support for cancer research and control in Latin America. The Center for Global Health at the US National Cancer Institute (NCI-CGH) is one entity among many that are working in the region and has sought to develop a strategy for working in Latin America that draws on and expands the collaborative potential of engaged, skilled, and diverse partners. NCI-CGH has worked toward developing and implementing initiatives in collaboration with global partners that share the common objectives of building a global cancer research community and translating research results into evidence-informed policy and practice. Both objectives are complementary and synergistic and are additionally supported by an overarching strategic framework that is focused on partnerships and science diplomacy. This work highlights the overall strategy for NCI-CGH engagement in Latin America through partnerships and diplomacy, and highlights selected collaborative efforts that are aimed at improving cancer outcomes in the region.
Somatic Mutations in Latin American Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Martínez-Nava, GA; Urbina-Jara, LK; Lira-Albarrán, S; Gómez, HL; Ruiz-García, E; Nieto-Coronel, MT; Ortiz-Lopez, R; Martínez, Villalba, KN; Muñoz-Sánchez, M; Aguilar, D; Gómez-Flores-Ramos, L; Cabrera-Nieto, SA; Mohar, A; Cruz-Ramos, M
(1) Background: Somatic mutations may be connected to the exposome, potentially playing a role in breast cancer’s development and clinical outcomes. There needs to be information regarding Latin American women specifically, as they are underrepresented in clinical trials and have limited access to somatic analysis in their countries. This study aims to systematically investigate somatic mutations in breast cancer patients from Latin America to gain a better understanding of tumor biology in the region. (2) Methods: We realize a systematic review of studies on breast cancer in 21 Latin American countries using various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, RedAlyc, Dianlet, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Of 392 articles that fit the criteria, 10 studies have clinical data which can be used to create a database containing clinical and genetic information. We compared mutation frequencies across different breast cancer subtypes using statistical analyses and meta-analyses of proportions. Furthermore, we identified overexpressed biological processes and canonical pathways through functional enrichment analysis. (3) Results: 342 mutations were found in six Latin American countries, with the TP53 and PIK3CA genes being the most studied mutations. The most common PIK3CA mutation was H1047R. Functional analysis provided insights into tumor biology and potential therapies. (4) Conclusion: evaluating specific somatic mutations in the Latin American population is crucial for understanding tumor biology and determining appropriate treatment options. Combining targeted therapies may improve clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Moreover, implementing healthy lifestyle strategies in Latin America could enhance therapy effectiveness and clinical outcomes.