Browsing by Author "Gomez-Moreno, HL"

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Association between PIK3CA Mutations in Blood and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Peruvian Breast Cancer Patients
(Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention, 2022) Castaneda-Altamirano, CA; Castillo-García, M; Bernabe, LA; Suarez, N; Romero, A; Sanchez, J; Torres, E; Enciso, J; Tello, K; Enciso, N; Velarde, M; De La Cruz-Sacasqui, M; Dunstan Yataco, J; Cotrina-Concha, JM; Abugattas-Saba, JE; Pinillos-Portella, MA; Roque, K; Fuentes-Rivera, Hugo; Poquioma-Rojas, E; Guerra, H; Gomez-Moreno, HL
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) presence and tumor features including tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels in Peruvian breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Enfemedades Neoplasicas, Peru. We evaluated level of TIL and PIK3CA mutations in ctDNA. Clinical characteristics, including outcome data, were collected from the patient file. Survival was calculated from the date of blood sample drawn to the event time. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results: We analyzed plasma samples from 183 breast cancer patients. most cases were of Luminal-B (44.8%) phenotype and stage II (41.5%), and median stromal TIL was 30%. PIK3CA mutation in ctDNA was detected in 35% cases (most with E545K) and was associated with lower TIL level (p=0.04). PIK3CA in ctDNA tended to be associated with advanced stages (p=0.09) in the whole series and with higher recurrence rates (p=0.053) in the non-metastatic setting. Patients with presence of PIK3CA in ctDNA tended to have shorter survival (p=0.083). Conclusion: Presence of PIK3CA mutation in ctDNA was frequently found in our Peruvian breast cancer series, was associated with lower TIL levels and tended to predict poor outcomes. © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License.
Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer
(Massachussetts Medical Society, 2023) Turner, NC; Oliveira, M; Howell, SJ; Dalenc, F; Cortes, J; Gomez-Moreno, HL; Hu, X; Jhaveri, K; Krivorotko, P; Loibl, S; Morales-Murillo, S; Okera, M; Park, YH; Sohn, J; Toi, M; Tokunaga, E; Yousef, S; Zhukova, L; De-Bruin, EC; Grinsted, L; Schiavon, G; Foxley, A; Rugo, HS
Background AKT pathway activation is implicated in endocrine-therapy resistance. Data on the efficacy and safety of the AKT inhibitor capivasertib, as an addition to fulvestrant therapy, in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer are limited. Methods In a phase 3, randomized, double-blind trial, we enrolled eligible pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women and men with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer who had had a relapse or disease progression during or after treatment with an aromatase inhibitor, with or without previous cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor therapy. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive capivasertib plus fulvestrant or placebo plus fulvestrant. The dual primary end point was investigator-assessed progression-free survival assessed both in the overall population and among patients with AKT pathway-altered (PIK3CA, AKT1, or PTEN) tumors. Safety was assessed. Results Overall, 708 patients underwent randomization; 289 patients (40.8%) had AKT pathway alterations, and 489 (69.1%) had received a CDK4/6 inhibitor previously for advanced breast cancer. In the overall population, the median progression-free survival was 7.2 months in the capivasertib-fulvestrant group, as compared with 3.6 months in the placebo-fulvestrant group (hazard ratio for progression or death, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.71; P<0.001). In the AKT pathway-altered population, the median progression-free survival was 7.3 months in the capivasertib-fulvestrant group, as compared with 3.1 months in the placebo-fulvestrant group (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.65; P<0.001). The most frequent adverse events of grade 3 or higher in patients receiving capivasertib-fulvestrant were rash (in 12.1% of patients, vs. in 0.3% of those receiving placebo-fulvestrant) and diarrhea (in 9.3% vs. 0.3%). Adverse events leading to discontinuation were reported in 13.0% of the patients receiving capivasertib and in 2.3% of those receiving placebo. Conclusions Capivasertib-fulvestrant therapy resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival than treatment with fulvestrant alone among patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer whose disease had progressed during or after previous aromatase inhibitor therapy with or without a CDK4/6 inhibitor. © 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.
Comparative Profiling of Circulating Exosomal Small RNAs Derived From Peruvian Patients With Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Guio, H; Aliaga-Tobar, V; Galarza, M; Pellon-Cardenas, O; Capristano, S; Gomez-Moreno, HL; Olivera-Hurtado, M; Sanchez, C; Maracaja-Coutinho, V
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most fatal infectious diseases, caused by the aerobic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is estimated that one-third of the world’s population is infected with the latent (LTB) version of this disease, with only 5-10% of infected individuals developing its active (ATB) form. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PA) is the most common and diverse form of primary lung carcinoma. The simultaneous or sequential occurrence of TB and lung cancer in patients has been widely reported and is known to be an issue for diagnosis and surgical treatment. Raising evidence shows that patients cured of TB represent a group at risk for developing PA. In this work, using sRNA-sequencing, we evaluated the expression patterns of circulating small RNAs available in exosomes extracted from blood samples of Peruvian patients affected by latent tuberculosis, active tuberculosis, or pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Differential expression analysis revealed a set of 24 microRNAs perturbed in these diseases, revealing potential biomarker candidates for the Peruvian population. Most of these miRNAs are normally expressed in healthy lung tissue and are potential regulators of different shared and unique KEGG pathways related to cancers, infectious diseases, and immunology. Copyright © 2022 Guio, Aliaga-Tobar, Galarza, Pellon-Cardenas, Capristano, Gomez, Olivera, Sanchez and Maracaja-Coutinho.
Linfoma de celulas grandes T anaplásico: experiencia de 10 años en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima - Perú
(Universidad Ricardo Palma, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina Humana, 2022) Pacheco-Román, C; Calderón-Anticona, M; Barrionuevo-Cornejo, C; Gomez-Moreno, HL
Introduction: Anaplastic Large T cells Lymphoma is a rare pathology, determined by expression of CD30 and differences in presentation and aggressiveness according to the ALK expression. Objectives: This study seeks to determine the epidemiological, clinicopathological and prognosis of patients with Anaplastic Large T-cell Lymphoma. Methods: The clinical records of patients diagnosed with Anaplastic Large T cells Lymphoma from the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases in Lima-Peru were analyzed between years 2006 to 2016. Results: Of 86 patients, 57% were male, 21.9% were positive for ALK, 48 patients were found in clinical stage I and II and 36 between stages III and IV. 57 patients had low or low intermediate risk while 26 patients were between high and high intermediate risk. The estimated overall survival was 40.8% at 5 years. In patients with positive ALK group was 67.4% and in the group with negative ALK was estimated at 30.2%. Conclusions: Anaplastic Large T Cells Lymphoma is an important aggressive disease with heterogeneous distribution for age and slightly more common in males, with the expression of ALK and international prognostic index as important prognostic factors.
Streamlining breast cancer and colorectal cancer biosimilar regulations to improve treatment access in Latin America: an expert panel perspective
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Teran, E; Gomez-Moreno, HL; Damian, H; Lema, M; Mantilla, W; Rico-Restrepo, M; McElwee, E; Castro Sanchez, N; Valdivieso, N; Espinoza, MA
In a multiday conference, a panel of Latin American experts in biological cancer therapies and health economics were provided with questions to address the barriers restricting access to biosimilars in Latin America, specifically for patients with breast cancer and colorectal cancer, for whom biosimilars can be a path forward to increasing access to care. During the conference, responses were discussed and edited until a consensus was achieved. The regulatory challenges identified in the conference included heterogenous regulations, non-adherence to regulatory pathways, scarcity of market opportunity, inadequate naming of biosimilars by only using international non-proprietary names, imprecise use of interchangeability and substitution, and insufficient traceability and pharmacovigilance. Recommendations were developed to improve the implementation of regulatory pathways and reliable procurement strategies that increase access to these therapies with adequate traceability and outcome measures