Browsing by Author "Failoc-Rojas, VE"

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Association between nutritional status and dementia staging among Alzheimer’s disease patients in Peru: Preliminary results of the Genetic of Alzheimer’s Disease in Peruvian Population Study
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Montesinos, R; Chambergo-Michilot, D; Malaga, D; Ore-Gomez, MF; Rivera-Fernandez, C; Soto-Añari, M; Reyes-Dumeyer, D; Failoc-Rojas, VE; Casavilca-Zambrano, S; Custodio, N; Tosto, G
Background: Alzheimer’s Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) is estimated to increase up to 152 million in 2050. Dementia-related mortality increases with older age, male sex, neuropsychiatric symptoms, faster cognitive decline, physical impairment and disease severity. Malnutrition is an important ADRD complication due to its impact on several domains. Prior studies showed that malnutrition is associated with behavioral and cognitive impairment (emotional disinhibition and behavior disturbance, memory impairment) and higher mortality risk among ADRD patients. Prevalence of malnutrition is heterogeneous and may depend on disease severity. We aimed to assess the association between malnutrition and dementia severity in an outpatient cohort of Peruvians, part of the Genetic of Alzheimer’s Disease in Peruvian Population (GAPP) Study. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three different sites of different altitude in Peru. We included individuals aged >50 years who attended memory clinics. We used the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scale to assess the nutritional status, and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to grade the dementia. We stratified the nutritional status in normal (MNA score: 12-14) and malnourished or risk of malnourished (MNA: 11 or less). Result: We assessed 295 patients mean age was 71.9 (SD: 8.3) and 68.8% were females proportion of demented (CDR> = 1) was 23%. Prevalence of malnourishment and risk of malnourishment was 6.4% and 35%, respectively. When adjusted by demographic covariates and geographical recruitment site, we found malnourishment scores significantly associated with CDR scores (e.g. CDR 2-3: PR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.95-2.62). Malnourishment was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases. Conclusion: In our Peruvian cohort, malnourishment or risk of malnourishment was found associated with higher risk of ADRD. Prevalence of malnourishment or risk of malnourishment was in line with those reported in other South American countries. Further longitudinal studies should confirm this association.
Fagofobia Como Síntoma Inicial de Demencia Frontotemporal: Reporte de Caso
(Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 2022) Custodio, N; Vences, MA; Baca, F; Montesinos, R; Failoc-Rojas, VE; Cuenca, J; Lira, D
Introduction: Frontotemporal dementia is an important cause of dementia, and its diagnosis is complex due to the multiple neurocognitive manifestations that patients present. Eating disorders associated with this pathology have been reported, but phagophobia is an atypical manifestation. Case report: We present the case of a 74-year-old adult patient with onset of phagophobia associated with a progressive and significant loss of executive functions, compromised spatial orientation, presenting in parallel a marked compromise in instrumental daily activities, psychotic symptoms, apathy, gait disturbance and sleep problems. Conclusions: It is important that adult and older patients with eating disorders, particularly those who also present cognitive, behavioural and social dysfunction are evaluated to rule out the broad spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, since timely diagnosis and treatment can improve quality of life or slow its progression.
Perfil epidemiológico y molecular de pacientes con cáncer de pulmón en un centro oncológicoreferencialdeLima,Perú
(Medical Body of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital, 2023) Motta-Guerrero, R; Huerta-Collado, Y; Failoc-Rojas, VE; Cabezas-Orellana, DC; Garrido-Lecca, AL; Calle-Villavicencio, A; Torres-Mera, A; Valladares-Garrido, MJ; Macha, CA; Carracedo, C
Background: According to GLOBOCAN estimates, in 2020, lung cancer was the second most frequent cancer and epidemiological information is needed in Latin American countries. The objective w a s t o d e s c r i b e t h e e p i d e m i o l o g i c a l a n d m o l e c u l a r characteristics of lung cancer patients from a referral clinic in Lima, Peru. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to characterize the epidemiological and molecular profile of lung cancer patients attended at a referral cancer center in Peru during 2018 to 2021. Variables such as age, sex, histology, staging and mutation were reported. In the descriptive analysis, frequencies and percentages were shown for categorical variables. For numerical variables, the best measure of central tendency and dispersion was reported. Results: A total of 225 patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer were observed. EGFR gene mutation was the most frequently detected (45.3%); and within them exon 19 deletion (55.7%). The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma with 180 patients (85.7%). Of the total number of patients with EGFR mutation, 77.8% received treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (osimertinib, erlotinib, afatinib) and 15.9% received immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab). Conclusions: The predominant mutation was EGFR, the most frequent histologic type was adenocarcinoma and most patients received treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. © 2023 Medical Body of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital. All rights reserved.
The role of angiogenesis inhibitors associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated advanced lung cancer
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2024) Motta-Guerrero, R; Recondo, G; Cardona, A; Corrales, L; Arnao, V; Failoc-Rojas, VE; Aliaga, C
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (EGFRm) advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining TKIs with an angiogenesis inhibitor has shown promise in pre-clinical studies. A systematic search of clinical trials found that combining erlotinib (a first-generation TKI) with bevacizumab or ramucirumab (angiogenesis inhibitors) improved progression-free survival (PFS) in EGFRm advanced NSCLC patients compared to TKI alone. However, no significant benefit in overall survival (OS) was observed in trials. Similar efficacy was seen in patients with specific EGFR mutations. Third generation TKIs were used as second-line therapy for patients with the T790M mutation. The combination treatment was associated with a higher incidence of severe adverse events. Overall, combining erlotinib or another TKI with an angiogenesis inhibitor is a safe and effective alternative for first-line treatment in EGFRm advanced NSCLC, particularly in countries without access to osimertinib and for patients with the EGFR L858R mutation.