Browsing by Author "Castaneda, Carlos A"

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Breast cancer subtype and survival among Indigenous American women in Peru
(Public Library of Science, 2018) Tamayo, LI; Vidaurre, T; Navarro Vásquez, J; Casavilca, S; Aramburu Palomino, JI; Calderon, M; Abugattas Saba, Julio; Gomez, HL; Castaneda, Carlos A; Song, S; Cherry, D; Rauscher, GH; Fejerman, L
Latina women in the U.S. have relatively low breast cancer incidence compared to Non-Latina White (NLW) or African American women but are more likely to be diagnosed with the more aggressive "triple negative" breast cancer (TNBC). Latinos in the U.S. are a heterogeneous group originating from different countries with different cultural and ancestral backgrounds. Little is known about the distribution of tumor subtypes in Latin American regions. Clinical records of 303 female Peruvian patients, from the Peruvian National Cancer Institute, were analyzed. Participants were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2015 and were identified as residing in either the Selva or Sierra region. We used Fisher's exact test for proportions and multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards Models to compare overall survival between regions. Women from the Selva region were more likely to be diagnosed with TNBC than women from the Sierra region (31% vs. 14%, p = 0.01). In the unadjusted Cox model, the hazard of mortality was 1.7 times higher in women from the Selva than the Sierra (p = 0.025); this survival difference appeared to be largely explained by differences in the prevalence of TNBC. Our results suggest that the distribution of breast cancer subtypes differs between highly Indigenous American women from two regions of Peru. Disentangling the factors that contribute to this difference will add valuable information to better target prevention and treatment efforts in Peru and improve our understanding of TNBC among all women. This study demonstrates the need for larger datasets of Latin American patients to address differences between Latino subpopulations and optimize targeted prevention and treatment.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer tissue through histopathology, immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcription-PCR
(Publmed, 2020) Castaneda, Carlos A; Castillo, Miluska; Sanchez, Joselyn; Casavilca, Sandro; Sanchez, Juvenal; Bernabe, Luis A; Suarez, Nancy; Chavez, Ivan; Ruiz, Eloy; Tello, Katherine; Villa, Maria R; Zevallos, Rocio; Montenegro, Paola; Dias-Neto, Emmanuel; Landa-Baella, Maria; Taxa, Luis
Aim:Helicobacter pylori is usually detected based on hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) features, but, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) are more precise in chronic-gastritis. We evaluated the relevance of these tests in Peruvian gastric cancer samples. Materials & methods: We performed and evaluated H-E, IHC staining and RT-PCR in 288 gastric tumors. Slides were independently evaluated by three pathologists. Results:H. pylori was detected in 167/287 through H-E, 140/288 through IHC and 175/288 through RT-PCR, and positive-status were associated (p < 0.001). H. pylori detection by H-E had a good concordance with IHC (kappa index = 0.632) but poor with RT-PCR (kappa index = 0.317). Higher median gene-copies were found in high H. pylori density through H-E or IHC (p < 0.001). Conclusion: H-E evaluation is accurate in gastric cancer, and IHC and RT-PCR can complement its results.
Distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in glioblastoma
(Future Medicine Ltd., 2018) Orrego Puelles, Enrique,; Castaneda, Carlos A; Castillo, Miluska; Bernabe, LA; Casavilca, Sandro; Chakravarti, A; Meng, W; Garcia-Corrochano, Pamela; Villa-Robles, MR; Zevallos, R; Mejia, O; Deza, Pedro; Belmar-Lopez; Ojeda, CL
Aim: Evaluation of features related to infiltrating immune cell level in glioblastoma. Methods: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) through H&E staining, and TILs (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20) and macrophage (CD68 and CD163) levels through immunohistochemistry were evaluated through digital analysis. Results: CD68 (9.1%), CD163 (2.2%), CD3 (1.6%) and CD8 (1.6%) had the highest density. Higher CD4+ was associated with unmethylated MGMT (p = 0.016). Higher CD8+ was associated with larger tumoral size (p = 0.027). Higher CD163+ was associated with higher age (p = 0.044) and recursive partitioning analysis = 4. Women (p < 0.05), total resection (p < 0.05), MGMT-methylation (p < 0.001), radiotherapy (p < 0.001), chemotherapy (p < 0.001) and lower CD4+ (p < 0.05) were associated with longer overall survival. Conclusion: Macrophages are more frequent than TILs. Some subsets are associated with clinical features.
Glioblastoma of pineal region: report of four cases and literature review
(Future Medicine Ltd., 2017) Orrego Puelles, Enrique; Casavilca Sambrano, Sandro; Garcia-Corrochano, Pamela; Rojas-Meza, S; Castillo, Miluska; Castaneda, Carlos A
We report four cases of glioblastoma in the pineal region. The patients presented a severe headache and vomiting. Brain imaging showed a heterogeneously enhanced tumor in the pineal region with obstructive hydrocephalus. Case 3 developed a subependymal dissemination. The patient went to ventricular-peritoneal shunt and subtotal or total resection and radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy. Cases 1 and 2 received radiation and died 8 and 11 later months. Cases 3 and 4 completed radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and survived 28 and 31 months after the initial diagnosis. Glioblastoma in the pineal region carry a poor prognosis and require neurooncology teams.
Tuberculosis That Mimics Cancer: Cases Referred to the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, Lima-Peru
(Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2018) Villena-Suarez, JR; Vicente, W; Taxa Rojas, Luis; Cuéllar PL, Luís; Nuñez-Butrón, MT; Villegas, V; Castillo, Miluska; Castaneda, Carlos A
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem that, due to the clinical variability of its presentation, can be confused with cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical-radiological characteristics and to describe the methodology that allowed to achieve a TB diagnosis in patients referred to the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) with a presumed diagnosis of cancer between 2014 and 2016. The study included 170 patients (52.4% men) with an average age of 41.1 years; 18% presented a history of contact with TB, and 5.9% had had the disease previously. The TB was pulmonary in 22.4% and extrapulmonary in 77.7% of patients. The most frequent symptoms were respiratory, tumor, weight loss, and neurological. The cancer diagnoses most frequently discarded were lymphoma, lung cancer, and brain cancer. The lesions that suggested a neoplasm indicated an advanced clinical stage in 63.5%. Therefore, it follows that the symptoms and images associated with TB can be confused with malignant neoplasms.